PASを使用した脳血管障害患者に対する嚥下機能改善

講義のグループで抄読した、PAS(Paired associative stimulation) を使用した脳血管患者に対する効果を検討した論文です。

Targeting unlesioned pharyngeal motor cortex improves swallowing in healthy individuals and after dysphagic stroke.

Michou E, Mistry S, Jefferson S, Singh S, Rothwell J, Hamdy S.
 
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS:
Patients with stroke experience swallowing problems (dysphagia); increased risk of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration; and have increased mortality. We investigated the behavioral and neurophysiological effects of a new neurostimulation technique (paired associative stimulation [PAS]), applied to the pharyngeal motor cortex, on swallowing function in healthy individuals and patients with dysphagia from stroke.
METHODS:
We examined the optimal parameters of PAS to promote plasticity by combining peripheral pharyngeal (electrical) with cortical stimulation. A virtual lesion was used as an experimental model of stroke, created with 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the pharyngeal cortex in 12 healthy individuals. We tested whether hemispheric targeting of PAS altered swallowing performance before applying the technique to 6 patients with severe, chronic dysphagia from stroke (mean of 38.8 ± 24.4 weeks poststroke).
RESULTS:
Ten minutes of PAS to the unlesioned pharyngeal cortex reversed (bilaterally) the cortical suppression induced by virtual lesion (lesioned: F(1,9) = 21.347, P = .001; contralesional: F(1,9) = 9.648, P = .013; repeated-measures analysis of variance) compared with sham PAS. It promoted changes in behavior responses measured with a swallowing reaction time task (F(1,7) = 21.02, P = .003; repeated-measures analysis of variance). In patients with chronic dysphagia, real PAS induced short-term bilateral changes in the brain; the unaffected pharyngeal cortex had increased excitability (P = .001; 95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.05; post hoc paired t test) with reduced penetration-aspiration scores and changes in swallowing biomechanics determined by videofluoroscopy.
CONCLUSIONS:
The beneficial neurophysiological and behavioral properties of PAS, when applied to unlesioned brain, provide the foundation for further investigation into the use of neurostimulation as a rehabilitative approach for patients with dysphagia from stroke.
 
大まかな内容としては、今回はPASをTMS、咽頭電気刺激を利用して、嚥下機能改善を図っている。最初は健常人に実施し効果を確認した後、次に脳血管障害患者に対しPASを適用している。
結論としては、健常人も脳血管障害患者の非障害側半球に実施した方が効果が高いと述べている。
感想としては、嚥下の研究も末梢レベルから、中枢からの関与へに対しても研究が進んでいると思う。今回は脳血管患者数が6名で少なかったが、もっとデータが集まってくれば、嚥下障害改善にPASが有効である根拠等も分かるかも知れない。
 
View full-size image.
  
 図1 PASを脳血管患者に実施することで、PAスケールが改善
 
View full-size image.
 












図2 脳血管障害患者の非障害側で咽頭刺激強度が有意に上昇

コメント

このブログの人気の投稿

国家試験問題からの嚥下復習

口腔アセスメント(ROAG)について

大脳基底核と運動の関わり