頭頚部がん患者におけるステント留置による嚥下機能改善

Dysphagiaに「Radiological Image-Guided Placement of Covered Niti-S Stent for Palliation of Dysphagia in Patients with Cervical Esophageal Cancer」(Takeshi Fujita, Masahiro Tanabe, Kensaku Shimizu, Etsushi Iida, 2013)が掲載されている。
 
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of covered Niti-S stent placement under multidetector CT and fluoroscopy guidance for the palliation of dysphagia in patients with cervical esophageal cancer. Under radiological imaging guidance using axial and sagittal CT scans, and fluoroscopy, Niti-S esophageal stents were placed in ten consecutive patients with complete obstruction caused by cervical esophageal cancer (9 men and 1 woman; age range = 54–79 years; mean age = 68.1 years) between February 2010 and December 2011. The procedure time and technical success rate were evaluated. Swallowing improvement was assessed by the following items: ability to eat and/or swallow (graded as follows: 3 = ability to eat normal diet, 2 = ability to eat semisolids, 1 = ability to swallow liquids, 0 = complete obstruction). Procedural and post-procedural complications were also evaluated. Survival (mean ± SD) was examined. The mean (±SD) procedure time was 40 ± 19 min (range = 21–69 min). Stent placement was technically successful in all patients; inadequate stent deployment did not occur in any case. Ability to eat and/or swallow was improved and scored 2.4 (score 3 in 5 cases, score 2 in 4 cases, score 1 in 1 case, and score 0 in no case) after stent placement. No major or post-procedural complications were encountered. The mean survival time was 131 ± 77 days (range = 31–259 days). Niti-S stents appeared to be a safe and effective device for the palliation of dysphagia caused by advanced cervical esophageal cancer. Multidetector CT and fluoroscopy image guidance helped the operators accurately place the stents in the cervical esophagus.
 
頭頚部食道がん患者の嚥下障害に対しステントを留置したら嚥下機能が改善した内容である。
実際、頚部食道にステント留置された患者をこれまで担当したことがなかったため、興味深くよむことができた。ステント留置のため、マルチスライスCTやX線といった核医学診断を行うことで、QOL改善に寄与できたとのことであった。
今後症例数の増加による、嚥下機能の予後とともに、実際にSTが介入して、嚥下機能や食物形態の変化、または介入期間、内容といった報告が望まれると思われた。
 

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図1 矢印部は上食道入口部


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図2 ステント留置後の内視鏡所見






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