The Digastric Muscle is Less Involved in Pharyngeal Swallowing in Rabbits(兎の顎二腹筋は嚥下に作用しない)
新潟大学で研究された内容であり、要旨は「The swallowing reflex is centrally programmed by the lower brain stem, the so-called swallowing central pattern generator (CPG), and once the reflex is initiated, many muscles in the oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal regions are systematically activated. The mylohyoid (MH) muscle has been considered to be a “leading muscle” according to previous studies, but the functional role of the digastric (DIG) muscle in the swallowing reflex remains unclear. In the present study, therefore, the activities of single units of MH and DIG neurons were recorded extracellularly, and the functional involvement of these neurons in the swallowing reflex was investigated. The experiments were carried out on eight adult male Japanese white rabbits anesthetized with urethane. To identify DIG and MH neurons, the peripheral nerve (either DIG or MH) was stimulated to evoke action potentials of single motoneurons. Motoneurons were identified as such if they either (1) responded to antidromic nerve stimulation of DIG or MH in an all-or-none manner at threshold intensities and (2) followed stimulation frequencies of up to 0.5 kHz. As a result, all 11 MH neurons recorded were synchronously activated during the swallowing reflex, while there was no activity in any of the 7 DIG neurons recorded during the swallowing reflex. All neurons were anatomically localized ventromedially at the level of the caudal portion of the trigeminal motor nucleus, and there were no differences between the MH and DIG neuron sites. The present results strongly suggest that at least in the rabbit, DIG motoneurons are not tightly controlled by the swallowing CPG and, hence, the DIG muscle is less involved in the swallowing reflex. 」である。
内容は嚥下に関する筋肉で、顎舌骨筋は嚥下の主要筋である。しかし、顎二腹筋の役割については不明確である。そのため、8匹の雄兎を使用し調査した。結論:兎レベルでは嚥下時に顎二腹筋はCPGの影響を受けない。
dysphagia全文を読める環境にないため、詳細は不明であるが、「兎では」と述べているところに人では影響を受けるかもしれないことが推察される。
Wikipediaより。濃い赤い部分がDIG |
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