パーキンソン病患者の舌運動緩慢による食物輸送
dysphagiaに「Impaired Food Transportation in Parkinson’s Disease Related to Lingual Bradykinesia 」(George Umemoto, Yoshio Tsuboi, Akio Kitashima, Hirokazu Furuya and Toshihiro Kikuta,2010)が掲載されている。
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze quantitatively videofluoroscopic (VF) images of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), to evaluate if the predicted factors of the oral phase of swallowing deteriorated with PD progression, and to demonstrate a relationship between the abnormal movements of the tongue and food transportation. Thirty PD patients were recruited and divided into mild/moderate (Hoehn & Yahr stages II and III) and advanced (stages IV and V) groups. They underwent measurement of tongue strength and VF using 5 ml of barium gelatin jelly as a test food. We measured the speed of bolus movement and the range of tongue and mandible movements during oropharyngeal transit time. The maximum tongue pressure of the mild/moderate group was significantly larger than that of advanced group (p = 0.047). The oropharyngeal transit time of the mild/moderate group was significantly shorter than that of the advanced group (p = 0.045). There was a significant negative correlation between the speed of tongue movement and the oropharyngeal transit time (p = 0.003, R = −0.527). Prolonged mealtimes and the ejection of insufficiently masticated food from the oral cavity into oropharynx were associated with PD progression. These results indicate the importance of the oral phase of swallowing in PD patients.
要旨はPD患者をヤールの分類で2群間に分け①(Ⅱ・Ⅲ群)と②(Ⅳ・Ⅴ)群と、咽頭送り込み時間をそれぞれ計測し比較した。咽頭送り込み時間は①群の方が②群より有意に短かった。また、舌の動きのスピードと咽頭送り込み時間は逆相関であった。そのため、PD患者の舌運動を評価することは、嚥下評価で重要である。といった内容である。
PD患者に限らず、嚥下評価の際は舌運動を評価するが、舌運動は食塊形成だけでなく、咽頭送り込みに重要な役割を果たしている。そのため、嚥下障害の評価では、口腔運動を重要視する必要があることを再確認できたと考える。
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